International relations (IR) from the mid-17th century to the
mid-20th century were founded on the decisions by the Peace Treaty of
Westphalia in 1648 that ended the Thirty
Years War. However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the IR are
once again more and more framed by the international standards
established in 1648. The Thirty Years War (1618−1648) This (First
Pan-European) war was a confessional-political conflict, in essence,
between the Protestant and the Roman Catholic leaders with very
catastrophic consequences in population losses and material destructions
as, for instance, the German lands lost approximately one-third of its
pre-war population with some regions depopulated up to 90%. [ 2,875
more words ]
